How Fast Do Succulents Grow? Time to Mature & Size Facts

As you gaze at the succulent plants on your windowsill, do you ever find yourself muttering, "When will this thing finally grow up?" Succulents are often perceived as slow-growing plants, but how fast do they grow, and to what size can they become? Let's uncover these secrets together.

Growth Cycle: From Seedling to Mature Plant

The life of a succulent plant begins with a tiny seed. Under suitable temperatures of 15–25°C, most succulent seeds will germinate within 1–2 weeks. However, some slow-growing varieties, such as Lithops, may take 2–4 weeks to sprout, and more stubborn varieties may take even longer. Once the seed germinates, it typically takes another 1 to 2 months for the seedling to develop its first pair of true leaves.

During the seedling growth stage, growth rates vary significantly among different varieties, much like the tortoise and the hare. Faster-growing varieties, such as Echeveria Agavoides v. Romeo Rubin, can develop into sizable plants with plump leaves in 1 to 2 years with proper care. However, variegated varieties like Echeveria Onslow Variegated grow much more slowly, taking 3 years or even longer to fully mature. Similarly, Dudleya gnoma S.W. McCabe, a member of the Dudleya, also requires a relatively long time to grow, akin to a "slow-living artist" in the plant world.

Factors influencing the growth rate of succulent plants

Light: Light is the "energy source" for succulent plant growth. These sun-loving plants require 4 to 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Adequate sunlight enables them to perform photosynthesis rapidly, resulting in faster leaf growth and vibrant colors. However, the intense summer sun can act like a "grill," easily scorching the leaves if not handled carefully. If the light is insufficient, succulents will enter "stretching mode," with stems elongating rapidly and leaves becoming sparse. For example, Echeveria Silk Veil tends to lose its compact, attractive form when there is insufficient light.

Temperature: 15–28°C is the "golden temperature range" for succulent growth. Within this range, the higher the temperature (not exceeding 30°C), the faster they grow, as if an accelerator has been activated. However, when temperatures drop below 5°C or rise above 35°C, most succulents enter a "dormant state" and cease growth. For example, Haworthia heidelbergensis, a member of the Haworthia, experiences significantly slowed growth under unsuitable temperatures.

Soil and Nutrients: The Importance of a Solid Foundation 

Loose, well-draining soil is the "ideal habitat" for succulent root systems. A soil mix of peat moss and coarse-grained soil retains adequate moisture while quickly draining excess water, preventing root rot. If the soil is nutrient-poor, succulents will grow slowly, like malnourished children. During the spring and autumn growth seasons, applying diluted succulent-specific fertilizer once a month can help them "eat and drink to their heart's content," accelerating growth. However, over-fertilization can lead to damage from excessive fertilizer application. For example, in the case of Pachyphytum Baby Finger, fertile and well-draining soil can make its leaves more plump.

Water Management: The Art of Watering

During the spring and autumn growing seasons, follow the "water when dry, let dry when wet" principle to keep the soil slightly moist, which is most suitable for succulents. Overwatering can cause the roots to rot due to prolonged submersion in water; underwatering can cause them to "misbehave" due to water deficiency, leading to growth stagnation. For example, in the case of Cotyledon Orbiculata cv. Long Leaf Variegated, excessive moisture can lead to poor leaf condition and less distinct variegation.

Pot Size: The Impact of Space;

Pot size directly affects succulent growth. A pot that is too small restricts root development and hinders plant growth; a pot that is too large keeps the soil moist for too long, significantly increasing the risk of root rot. Generally, choosing a pot that is 2–3 centimeters larger than the plant's diameter best meets their growth needs. For the fast-growing Graptosedum Miul, an appropriately sized pot allows its lateral buds to grow more effectively.

Growth Speed and Size of Different Succulent Varieties

The succulent family is vast, with significant differences in growth rates and sizes among varieties. Fast-growing varieties, such as Echeveria Agavoides v Romeo Rubin, can develop a more robust form when mature, reaching a certain diameter. In contrast, slower-growing varieties like Haworthia Cooperi Ice Lantern have a more compact size, with a smaller diameter when mature, but their leaves remain plump and rounded. Some varieties easily form clumps, such as Graptoveria Ruby Donna, which readily produces lateral buds, creating a stunning clump formation with a diameter that can reach a large size, filling the pot and creating an awe-inspiring display. 

Whether your succulents grow quickly or slowly, as long as you understand their growth habits and care for them with dedication, you will eventually reap the reward of a succulent plant in peak condition, truly one-of-a-kind.